IC Card vs ID Card: Mo Mungasankhira Khadi Lakwenelera Lakunjilirapo pa Nthowa Yinu

Nkhani iyi yikulongosora mphambano yeneco pakati pa makadi gha IC na makadi gha ID, mtundu wa spec sheet pera yayi, kweni mphambano izo zikukhwaska nadi chisankho chinu cha kugura, chivikiliro chinu cha dongosolo, na mtengo winu wose wa mweneko.

 

IC Card na ID Card: Kupambana Kwakuzirwa mu Masekondi 30

ID khadi

 

(125 kHz, mwachiyelezgero, EM4100 / TK4100): Wakusunga waka nambara yakukhazikika ya mndandanda. Khadi likupharazga nambara iyi ku waliyose uyo wakuŵazga mu mzere. Palije kubisa, palije nkhongono ya kulemba, palije kukolerana kwa mawoko kwakukhozgera. Munthu uyo ​​wakuŵazga wakuwona waka usange nambara yikuyana na ivyo vili mu database.

IC khadi

 

(13.56 MHz, mwachiyelezgero, MIFARE Classic / DESFire): Ili na chip cha microprocessor icho chili na kukumbukira kwakuŵazgika na kulembeka kwakugaŵika mu vigaŵa vyakujiyimira. Kukhozgera kubisa, kukhozgera pakati pa khadi na wakuŵazga, na kugwiliskira ntchito mapulogalamu ghanandi pa khadi limoza.

Ndiyo zgoro la buku la sambiro. Kweni usange mukuwunika vinthu ivi kuti muŵikepo nadi, buku la sambiro likumuphalirani yayi ivyo vikuchitika nadi, panji ivyo vikukhumbikwa nadi pa bajeti yinu.

 

 

Vinthu Visanu vyakupambana vyakugula vikumuphalirani yayi

 

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Chitetezo cha Khadi Lakunjilirapo Ni Binary yayi - Ni Spectrum

 

Kubudika kwakumanyikwa chomene pakugula khadi yakunjilirapo: kughanaghana kuti "khadi ya IC=njakuvikilirika, khadi la ID=ndakuvikilirika yayi." Unenesko uli na vigaŵa vinandi kuluska ivi.

 

Makadi a ID ghalije chisisi. Munthu waliyose uyo wakuŵazga 125 kHz, panji cloner wakunyamulika na madola 15, wakuŵazga na kukopera nambara ya serial. Palije nthowa yakukanizgira ivi pa msinkhu wa khadi chifukwa khadi lilije nthowa yakukhozgera.

 

Makadi a IC ghakuvikilirika chomene, kweni unandi wake ukuthemba chomene pa chip iyo mwasankha. MIFARE Classic, chip cha IC icho chikugwiriskirika nchito chomene pa charu chose, chikugwiriskira nchito nthowa yakubisamo vinthu yakuchemeka CRYPTO1 iyo yikapangika na ŵakusanda ŵa ku yunivesite ya Radboud mu 2008.

 

Mu Ogasiti 2024, vinthu vikafika paheni chomene: Ŵakufufuza ŵa ku Quarkslab ŵakasanga chipata cha kuseri kwa vipangizo vya Fudan FM11RF08S, chip icho chikugwiriskirika nchito chomene na MIFARE Classic -chose kufuma ku Shanghai Fudan Microelectronics. Backdoor iyi yikuzomerezga waliyose uyo wali na chimanyisko cha kiyi yimoza ya pa charu chose kuti walekeske makiyi ghose agho ghakulongosoreka na user- pa makadi agha mu mphindi zichoko waka. Chips izo zakhwaskika zikuŵikika mu mahotela, maofesi, na ndondomeko zakwendamo mu US, Europe, China, na India.

Mlingo wa chitetezo	Viyelezgelo vya Chip	Kubisa	Kukwana kwa
Palije	EM4100, TK4100 (makadi a ID)	Palije	Kuyimika galimoto, ŵalendo ŵakujumpha
Chiharo (chakukhozgeka)	MIFARE Yachikhalidwe 1K / 4K	CRYPTO1 (yakuphwanyika)	Kuŵapo kwa nyengo yichoko ya chivikiliro-
Pakati pa- mlingo	MIFARE Kusazgapo (SL3 mtundu)	AES-128	Kufika ku ofesi, makadi gha pa sukulu
Kuchanya	MOTO EV2/EV3 (EAL 5+ wakuzomerezgeka)	AES-128, kuzomerezgana	Malo ghakusungamo data, malo gha vya ndalama
Chapachanya chomene	Makadi a CPU (Khadi ya Java)	PKI-wakukwaniska	Boma, ŵasilikari

 

Chimoza mwa vinthu ivyo tebulo lingalongora yayi: MIFARE Plus yili na vigaŵa vitatu vya chivikiliro (SL1, SL2, SL3), kweni ŵanandi awo ŵakusazgako ŵakuŵika makadi gha Plus mu SL1 mode kuti ŵaŵe ŵakukolerana na ŵaŵazgi ŵa Classic awo ŵalipo. Mu SL1 mode, chitetezo cha khadi chikuyana waka na MIFARE Classic yakumanyikwa. Ichi nchinthu chakumanyikwa "kusintha kwa spec pa pepala, palije kusintha mu nchito" chinthu. Nyengo zose manyani mlingo wa chitetezo uwo ukuchitika nadi, kuti ni chip model wuli icho chikulembeka pa chiphaso cha oda yayi.

 

Syntek wakupereka makadi ghakunjilirapo mu vigaŵa vyose vinkhondi ivyo vyalembeka pacanya apa, kufuma paMakadi a EM4100/TK4100kwizira mu MIFARE moto EV2 / EV3 naMakadi a CPU ghakuvikilirika chomene. Khadi lililose la IC likutumizgika na chip model icho chili kusindikizgika pa chikalata cha kutumizgirako, chifukwa khadi ilo lilije chip spec yakulembeka ni khadi ilo mungakhozgera yayi.

 

 

 

Pa $ 0.08-0.15 pa unit ya makadi a EM4100 ID pakuyaniska na $ 0.30-0.60 ya MIFARE DESFire, ndalama izo zikusungika pa khadi lililose pa oda ya khadi la 5,000 zikuwoneka kuti ni zaunenesko. Kweni mtengo wa khadi lililose ni mzere umoza pera pa pepala la mtengo wose.

 

Nthowa za ID card zikusunga zero data pa khadi ilo. Chisankho chilichose cha kufika chikukhumba kuti wakuŵazga wafumbe database ya pakatikati mu nyengo yeneco. Ici cikung’anamura kuti wakuŵazga waliyose wakukhumbikwira kulumikizgana kwa netiweki (kuŵika makaboni ghanandi, malo ghanandi ghakutondeka), kukuzga dongosolo kukung’anamura kuŵika waya ŵaŵazgi ŵaphya ku seva, ndipo palije nchito ya pa intaneti: usange netiweki yikukhira, milyango panji yikukhala yakujalika panji yikukhala yakujalika.

 

IC khadi ndondomeko kusunga vizomerezgo pa khadi. Ŵaŵazgi ŵangasankha vyakunjilirapo ku malo ghawo. Kusazgirako ndondomeko kukung’anamura kuŵika munthu wakuŵazga na kuŵika vigaŵa vya khadi, palije cable yiphya iyo yikukhumbikwa ku seva.

 

Kampani yinyake yakupwelelera katundu ku Shenzhen yikasanga nthena pamanyuma pakuti ŵasanda vya mukati mwawo ndipo ŵakasanga kuti garaji yawo yakuŵikamo magalimoto yikupeleka mapasi ghanandi mwezi uliwose kuluska umo dongosolo ili likalembera. Kafukufuku wakalongora kuti pali mphambano ku ŵantchito awo ŵakakopera makadi gha ID gha 125 kHz mwakugwiliskira ntchito makadi ghambura kanthu ghakufuma ku Taobao. Pakuti makadi agha ghakaŵavya chisisi, pakaŵavya chipingo: waliyose uyo wali na cloner ya madola 15 wangapanga kopi yakugwira ntchito. Kampani iyi yikawuskapo ndondomeko yose ya ID card na kuŵikaso makhadi gha IC ghakubisika, kulipira kaŵiri pa ivyo vikeneranga kuchitika kamoza.

 

 

Vigaŵa 16 vyakujiyimira paŵekha. Ichi ndicho khadi la MIFARE Classic 1K IC likupereka kwa imwe, ndipo chigaŵa chilichose chingateŵetera pulogiramu yakupambanapambana na makiyi ghake ghakubisika: kulaŵilira mwaŵi pa chigaŵa 1, nyengo yakusangika pa chigaŵa 2, kulipira cafeteria pa chigaŵa 3.

 

Makadi a ID angachita cha ivi. Khadi limoza, nambala yimoza ya serial, ntchito yimoza. Usange mukukhumba kusazgako malipiro gha cafeteria ku ndondomeko yinu ya kunjilirapo, mukupeleka khadi lachiŵiri panji kusinthaniska vyose ivyo vikupangika.

 

Kwa pa sukulu na paki ya mafakitale uko "khadi limoza--la-chilichose" ndicho chilato, ichi chekha chikuwuskapo makadi gha ID gha 125 kHz. Syntek wakupanga makadi gha IC ghakugwiriskira nchito ghanandi ndiposo makadi ghakupangika pafupipafupi agho ghakusazgako chip cha 125 kHz na chip cha 13.56 MHz pa thupi limoza la khadi, ilo ndilo likugwilira ntchito chomene.

 

 

 

Mafoni gha ŵanchito ŵinu ghakugwira ntchito na NFC pa 13.56 MHz, pafupipafupi yimoza na makadi gha IC. Ici cikung’anamura kuti vimanyikwiro vya khadi la IC vingapelekeka ku mafoni, kupangiska kuti NFC-yiŵe na mwaŵi wa kusanga mafoni kwambura makadi ghakuwoneka.

 

Makadi a ID pa 125 kHz ghakuwoneka yayi ku foni NFC hardware. Palije nthowa yakumazgira suzgo ili. Usange mapu gha malo ghinu ghakusazgapo kufika pa foni mu vyaka vitatu panji vinkhondi ivyo vikwiza, dongosolo la khadi la ID la 125 kHz ndilo likufwa. Kuti muwone mwakukwana umo NFC yikugwilira ntchito mukati mwa vinyama vyakulongozgera mwaŵi, wonani Syntek's .Mazgu ghakwamba gha ndondomeko yakulongozgera mwaŵi wa RFID.

 

 

Usange sono mukugwiliskira ntchito dongosolo la khadi la ID la 125 kHz ndipo mipata ya chivikiliro yikumukhwaskani, kusintha dongosolo lose ndiko nthowa yimoza pera yayi. Ŵaŵazgi ŵaŵiri-ŵangagwiliskira ntchito makadi ghose gha 125 kHz na 13.56 MHz nyengo yimoza. Kusazgirapo pa makadi ghaŵiri ghakupangika pafupipafupi (khadi limoza ilo likuŵikamo ID na IC chip), mungasamuska awo ŵakugwiliskira ntchito mu vigaŵa: palije -zuŵa limoza lakudumura, palije kusokonezgeka kwa uteŵeti.

 

Kasi kusamuka kwa kaŵiri - kukutora nyengo yitali wuli kukuthemba pa unandi wa malo ghakunjilirapo, mtengo wa ŵanchito awo ŵakusinthika, na usange pulogiramu yinu ya backend yikukhumbikwira kusintha. Nyumba ya maofesi ya milyango 20-yingamara mu myezi yitatu. Paki ya mafakitale yakuzenga nyumba zinandi iyo yili na ŵanchito ŵakufuma kuwaro ndiposo awo ŵakugwira ntchito zinandi yingatora nyengo yakujumpha chaka chimoza kuti ŵaleke ntchito ya makadi ghakale. Ulusi wakumanyikwa ngwakuti nthowa ya pafupipafupi yikupangiska kuti mugaŵire ndalama zakugwiriskira ncito pa bajeti yinu m’malo mwa kuzitora nga ni ndalama yimoza.

Mo Mungaziŵiya Ivyo Mukupokera Nadi

 

Pambere mundaŵike oda ya khadi lakunjilirapo, manyani vinthu vitatu na uyo wakumupani vinthu: